PRAZZER-SHRINE OR KLENTENG

          Shrine was once the gathering place of the overseas or people - Chinese people.That the temple finally be a place of worship. The name is taken from the pagodadistinctive voice that is always there in every pagoda.
          Lunar goal is dilakkukan every year is a manifestation of gratitude kepeda god for having given many gifts. And the importance of gratitude is in order not to forgetthe Lord.
Every 1st and 15 at the count of Lunar, performed a ritual - a ritual routine. In everytemple has deities adopted. For example the god of the earth (Hok tick ting sin),the god of justice, the god 
of compassion, etc.. And in the pagoda Bojonegoroembraces the earth god.
Lunar has entered the current year to 2561. so hu chu kong religion has existedbefore 2561 years ago. The color red is the color of the greatness of the Khonghu chu.
As for the name - the name adopted by Khong months hu chu namely:


Month 1: It jwee,
Month 2: Ji wee,
Month 3: The jwee,
Month 4: Sigwe,
Month 5: Gonggwe,
Month 6: Lakwe,
Month 7: Jitwee,
Month 8: Pekwee,
Month 9: Kongwee,
Month 10: Sapwee,
Month 11: Cap it jwee,
Month 12: Cap ji Gwee.


The spread of religion or belief Khong hu chu initially through trade conducted bythe Chinese people in Indonesia. At the moment China VOC stands already inIndonesia. China was the one who has helped Indonesia repel the invaders.


PICTURE FOR SHRINE

PRAZZER-BARONGSAI / LION DANCE

Lion Dance Popular Dances From Being a Legend Every time before the Chinese New Year arrives, the colorful face of a lion called lion dance (sometimes also referred to as liongsai) always appear everywhere.Similarly, in Indonesia. Since the reform era, dance dance lion dance became a common seen everywhere. Later dance lion dance is also often used as the theme of Chinese New Year advertisement on television Lion has a history thousands of years. The first record of this dance can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty around the third century BC. Chinese people believe the lion is the symbol of happiness and pleasure. The lion dance is believed to bring good luck the show so it is generally held on a variety of important events such as opening a restaurant, the establishment pagoda, and of course the new year celebration. Barongsai largely consists of two main types namely North Lions who have curly mane and four legs. Northern Lion appearance looks more natural and like a lion than a South Lions have scales and the number of feet that vary between two or four. Southern Lion head is equipped with horns that are sometimes similar to the animals 'Kilin'. Movement between the Lions and the Lions North South is also different. If the South is famous for its lion head movements hard and bobbing along with the beat of gongs and drums, the movement of the North Lions tend to be more agile and full of dynamics because it has four legs. The main movement of the lion dance Lion Dance is movement that takes an envelope containing money referred to as 'Lay See'. On top of the envelope is usually plastered with watercress vegetables that symbolize a gift to the Lion.Consuming process 'Lay See' - the term is widely used in Hong Kong takes about half part of the whole lion dance. In front of the Barong dancers usually there is also another dancer wearing a mask and carried a fan. This figure is called the Buddha. His job is to lead the Singa Barong to the place where the envelope containing the money saved.Those who want to get a big profit, generally competing to fill the envelope with jumlanh angpao a lot of money. 

Dragon 


The dragon as a creature who has good karma and have reached certain stage of spiritual life coaching, because they have train a very old spiritual formation. Spiritual attainment This makes the old dragon obtain blessings and the position that respectable.
Achievement and good karma that has the dragon, makes many 

dragon who had the opportunity to devote herself directly as a companion and protector of the Buddha, Bhodisatva, and the other holy beings. Often we see a picture Bodhisattva Kwan-Im was standing on a dragon that leads go where the Goddess.
The dragon has a variety of different races, and every race divided into two gender of men and women. Where is the dragon man horn has an enlarged upper section, but the dragon lady horn has a more slender and sometimes smaller section it.
In addition he has a beard dragon glittering like pearls on the chin and the neck. And the dragon lady will look different the shape of her nose, which is more straight. Chin and neck are not have a beard.
The symbolism of the dragon energy in the Fung-Shui energy is recognized as one a protector on the left and good luck with the energy carrier green or blue color symbolism. While on the right in energy symbolized by the tiger. The unification of the two energy inter- complement can form a good chi energy.
In the flow-Fung Shui symbolizes the wind direction and season, is known in terms of the Blue Dragon. Which means dragon east and is symbolism of the spring season, and the beginning of the year. White tiger means the tiger is the symbolic direction of west and west.
Dragon is one of the other natural beings in a very unique choose a location. They will not be any, can even say really very careful in assessing and taking into account location of residence. So the place and the location preferred by the dragon, will usually have a very high chi energy and good.
Pros of the dragon, which makes the dragon known have a lot of energy abundant blessings and fortune compared other creatures. Fung Shui Master so few that can be know the existence of dragons, will consider it as a advantages that are very positive.
Here are some examples of places that are preferred by the dragon:
1. Places where there are trees that once struck by lightning and burned. 2. At sea in the middle of the bay, the waves are usually characterized by motifs like dragon scales. 3. Near the beach that there are many prominent rock on the sea surface. 4. In a quiet, clean lake in the mountains or at the foot of the mountain. Fifth, in the cave, which often appears above rainbow or from in the mouth of the cave.
Because generally the preferred place of Naga are very closely related with the element of water. So a lot of contact with the dragon god of rain and Indra, god of thunder (li-kong). It is closely related by functional use shui element of water as a carrier energy blessings and wealth.
Coaching needed to become a dragon that is not easy, and time a very long time. One type comes from the snake water dragon. Water snake when have been meditating for 500 to 1000 years, will change a Snake-Fish (½ ½ Snake Fish) where the head is still a snake, but his body began to swell slightly and its scales grow like fish, also started a fish tail.
Snake-fish is when continued meditation for 500 years until 1000 years, it will turn into Fish-Dragon (½ ½ Fish Dragon). Fish-Dragon have a body and a tail like a fish, but his head enlarged and already resembles a dragon's head. At this stage there also have been showed a small horn on its head.
In Indonesia, Fish-Dragon is often found on the south coast island of Java and Bali, because of the blessings that have fish-dragon is so many locals respect the fish-dragon in order to be given the fish are abundant and free from infectious disease outbreaks.
Fish-Dragon also has a very strong element of water, so that by Javanese society in the past many were invited as the energy can prevent fires all the more dry season length.
Fish-Dragon who continue meditating for 500 years to 1000 years, Without changes to the Dragon Horn. Her whole body was perfect a dragon, with a color that resembles turquoise. Although there also have to have horns, but horns her head still very small.
Dragon without horns are widely encountered in the decoration of kingdoms Java on the ground in the past. Where the energy is radiated from the dragon without antlers can add prestige and authority of the place in diaminya.
Without Dragon Horn will be able to meditate when the Horned Dragon for 500 years to 1000 years.
Horned Dragon has a large horn is perfect, and overgrown berkemilauan long beard like a pearl. Horned Dragon on This level can be partially but the ability to fly in space coverage is still limited.
It takes meditation at least 1000 years to reach the Golden Dragon perfect, his body can change color like: light gold, or color of the sun. Kesegala Golden Dragon can fly over the nature, although does not seem to have wings. There is also another type of dragon that looks has wings on his body.
Not many dragons that can reach the level of the Golden Dragon. One of them can be seen as a follower of Honor Mother who devoted her the Mother of Honor and was given the job to hold and maintain the Heritage Bunda Mulia stamp command. In addition, many other dragons who devoted himself to maintaining and upholding the orders Bunda Mulia.
One of the Venerable Mother's throne chair is the incarnation of the 12 dragons, and Greatness of Our Lady's robes and wand is also the incarnation of His Majesty gold dragons. At the Mother of His Majesty reveal itself in the mountains Kun-Lun, 12 dragon incarnate as a cushion Lotus Gold Mother of Honor. At the top of the Venerable Mother golden lotus looks like a white light sunshine and golden rays of light like the moon. This light the rays of the body and reincarnate as a dragon beard Golden Lotus.
There are many more stories dragon who devote themselves to the Mother of His Majesty, Bodhisattva, the heir to the teachings of Venerable Mother and disciples. The results of meditation and good karma of the dragon, the dragon makes a blessing and energy is enormous fortune. This makes the dragon many respected and given offerings by humans. All this aims, so that the dragon seems willing to bestow blessings of fortune owned.
The dragon can also understand the language of birds and other animals. Where there is a legend that describes when a person eating dragon heart, he can understand animal language. This belief not only trusted by the people of China earlier, but also in Indonesia. The story of the dragon heart that makes a person understand the language of animals is also believed by adherents of the ancient Javanese beliefs Indonesia.
This story may have become legend in the land of Java, the story of dragon heart can be seen in the story of Aji Saka. Aji Saka was the first Java and on the ground that the ancestors of humans on the ground java. 

PRAZZER-LUNAR HISTORY

Lunar History

The origins of Chinese New Year celebrations too old and slow to be studied.However, public opinion say, perkatan China, 'Nian' or who intend to 'year' in Malay, is the name for the giant who frequently search for prey at night before the new year begins.
According Lagenda, Nian had a very large mouth, and able to swallow busy man with one bite. Humans at that time was very afraid of this giant Nian. On one day, garden reed adjacent villages burned Chinese people. Pipe burst and burned it emits a very strong like a firecracker. It was scary Nian and he did not dare to go brdekatan the village. Older people have also been advised that the village people hang red paper on the doors and the windows of their homes at any time menjelangnya New Year, Nian dikhuatiri will mengganas original. The red color was greatly feared by Nian, and able to dispel the giant.
That Lagenda is trusted by the people of China. Practice play and hang red paper firecracker still continued until today, although there among the Chinese youth community does not know the true purpose of charity is done. They just assume it's just bahawa deeds will welcome the new year cheer again.
Angpau Among the reasons why Chinese New Year awaited by children is the gift 'angpau' or a red envelope containing money. For those not berkahwin, they are eligible to receive angpau. Giving money or angpau this is to say goodbye for the year and hope acquire wealth and good fortune for the year. Wang will also be used to pay debts in arrears.

Firecrackers and lion dances Firecrackers and lion dances very synonymous with greeting the Chinese New Year celebration. Played firecrackers to banish the evil creatures that often disturb the peace of man. However, from one year to another yaang, firecrackers are often played to signify the coming festive season. Dance lion dance is an offering full of art and a wonderful symbol for the Chinese community. She usually played by two players, and takes a long time to practice before someone is really proficient. Abstinence bans and treatment when greeting the Chinese New Year Cleaning house The entire area of ​​the house should be washed before the arrival of the new year.On the eve of new year, all the sweeper, mop and wash all types of equipment are stored in a safe place. Sweeping and packing is not worth doing on the day of the new year, kerana follow Chinese community trust, good fortune will be swept along with the trash. After the new year, will be swept floors, starting from the door into the house and diletak in corners. Rubbish that swept it will not be discarded sehinggalah day 5 celebration. Take a clear, remove the cloudy Playing firecrackers on New Year's Eve is one way to say goodbye to the year that will be abandoned, and meraikan arrival of new year. At one point in the middle of the night the new year, all the doors and the windows should be opened to justify the years long gone. Activity in the New Year All debts have been duly paid on when these. All people need to keep their treatment at the time of this. Prohibited at all using dirty sayings that bring bad luck and not good intentions. Referring to the year off was banned on the day of the new year kerana all-everything must necessarily come forward and should not be looked back again. Prohibited at all cry in the new year, kerana feared people would cry throughout the year. Hygiene and personal appearance On the day of the new year, hair washing banned altogether, because this treatment will result in that person mambasuh went all good fortune for the new year. Encouraged to wear red clothing. Red is considered bright colors and bright, which allows the wearer acquire a bright future. Bahawa believed, how the use of the new year to determine one's fate was in that year. Childhood, brothers and close and unmarried people were angpau for a bright future. Chinese Lunar Calendar Chinese lunar calendar is the oldest in the world calendar, used since 2600 Before Masihi. Pengggunaan calendar was introduced by the emperor Huang Ti.Like the western calendar, the Chinese lunar calendar is also based on the annual turnover where the beginning of the year by the turn of the month dimula.Therefore, the beginning of the year for the Chinese calendar falls around January and February.
One complete rotation takes the moon around the earth for 60 years and composed than 5 rounds of each of them takes time for 12 years. Chinese lunar calendar each year based naming 12 animals.
The Chinese community believe every human being is born bahawa have an influence on personality and attitude based on the animal called man is born in the year.
Rat 1924 1936 1948 1960 1972 1984 1996 Ox 1925 1937 1949 1961 1973 1985 1997 Tiger 1926 1938 1950 1962 1974 1986 1998 Hare 1927 1939 1951 1963 1975 1987 1999 Dragon 1928 1940 1952 1964 1976 1988 2000 Snake 1929 1941 1953 1965 1977 1989 2001 Horse 1930 1942 1954 1966 1978 1990 2002 Goat 1931 1943 1955 1967 1979 1991 2003 Monkey 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004 Chicken 1933 1945 1957 1969 1981 1993 2005 Dog 1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006 Pig 1935 1947 1959 1971 1983 1995 2007
Chinese New Year decorations
Before greeting the Chinese New Year, Chinese families would decorate the house with the cheekbone which was blooming of flowers growing, a bag of oranges, and also includes 8 bags of dried sweet fruit. On the walls and the door will also be hung with beautiful ornaments such as poetry and greeting the new year is painted on red paper.
Orange
Custom for Chinese people, they will bring one bag containing orange and angpau to be given if a visit friends and family along the two-week Chinese New Year greeting. To follow the beliefs of the Chinese, who still have leaves orange bonded to her intention to bring one's relationship with others will be closely intertwined. When the new berkahwin all, it symbolizes the relationship that exists perkahwinan will blossom so that it gets a busy boy. Orange is the symbol of the joy for the people of China.
Candied bag
Bags of sweets are round or square shaped to have various types of sweets for the New Year commenced with 'sweetness'. Every bag of candied in a separate symbolizes good luck: * Candied watermelon - symbolize growth and good kesihatan * Pumpkin seeds - malambangkan joy, truth and honesty * Items lychees - symbolizes the close ties of kinship * Kumkuat (a type of orange) - wealth * Candied coconut - familiarity * Peanuts - life berkekalan * Longan - symbolizes a person will get a lot of good boys * Lotus fruit - many children Culture-> Origin of Chinese New Year Celebration Friday, February 22, 2008 Origin of Chinese New Year Celebration WE thought of the thousands of years ago, long before Christ Jesus (Christ Jesus) was born into the world, ie when the first Chinese emperor who refers to himself as Dynasty Hsia (Xia) around the year 2100-1600, BC. It means 'Season Flowers', Hsia is an equivalent letter from the letter 'Hua' meaning flower. at that time was the center bung-interest is the Honan Province, so named after the central state (Chung Kuo = Chinese), then the person who the people were given names with 'Chung Hua ren' or called the Chinese up to now.

     Speaking of Spring party, can not escape from the Winter Flower and we must look to the Honan Province, particularly in the city of Luoyang, because there are many different types of flowers. Peony is a flower so special, this is the most beautiful types of flowers among the flowers that exist throughout the world and Peony flower is often used to greet the Spring datanganya party or New Year.

     In welcoming the New Year, Chinese people wear new clothes in honor of the arrival of a new atmosphere, and began to show its beauty. The trees begin to turn green again, the shoots begin to emerge and the animals got up from his sleep after a long winter sleep to hide or run.

     The people or their relatives, ranging exchange of visits, visiting one another, whether family or friend to say: 'Hsin Tjhun Kiong Hie', which means: Happy New Season Flowers. The children did not want to miss, they are most happy to welcome the coming season which began to grow flowers, they deliver to worship and congratulations to their parents each and they get a reply blessing and prayer from Him. Besides, do not forget they get a 'red envelope' (Ang Pao) which contains the money, after a respectful greeting to the elders.

     There is a Chinese proverb which says; "If you respect the parents themselves and expand it to other parents ... Paying attention to his own kin and expand it to other family members ... to love their own children, and expand it to other kids ... Noting fellow himself especially close to and expand it to other fellow ... So to manage and govern this world will be as easy as rotating the object in the palm of the hand ... ... "

     Today the words the phrase we often hear and see, is' khung Hsi Fa 'Cay' (meaning; Hopefully constantly in a state of abundance) and 'Thiam Thiam Hok Siu' (meaning; hopefully long life and always abundant sustenance)

PRAZZER-CAREER

A career is a way of earnings of living. It also means of occupation of profession. It is an occupation in which special education or training is required, as the profession of an architect, the profession of a pharmacist, the profession of a doctor, etc. but career is sometimes closely related to progress through life. For example a teacher usually encourages his students by saying “ you can learn much by reading about the careers of great men” or “ if you work hard, you will have a successful career”

A century ago the processes of choosing a career was much simpler matter than it is today. A boy often followed in his father`s footsteps. His sister learned the household skulls that would prepare her to become a wife and mother.

Nowdays young people grow up in a much freer society. They can become banker. Bank-teller, clerk, barber, shopkeeper, dentist, and sugeon. As a result of automation or using computers to run other machines, there will be fewer openings in some jobs in the future. At the same time, continued economic growth would bring about more openings in many occupation, and advances in technology will creat jobs do not ever exist today.

We went to know what makes a person choose a particular career and why one person decides to become an acoountant and anotheran engineer.early childhood experience are important. Next comes the tentativeperiod, when young people of about 12 to 16 become more aware of their individual interests and skills and more familiar with the world of work. Then comes the realistic period, when basic decisions about career must be made.

Occupations are often chosen to meet one`s emotional needs. Such things as a person`s need for acceptance, security, self-esteem or independence play in large role.

Choosing a career is not an easy task. There is much that yourself can do to reach your goal of finding the right vocation.  

PRAZZER-Growth and Development of Ovule and Ovary

Angiosperms undergo double fertilization. Double fertilization produces a zygote and an endosperm. Afterwards, the ovule developes into a seed and an ovary into a fruit that protects the seed(s).

Growth and Development of Ovule

            The ovule grows and developes into a seed. The zygote and endosperm are in it. The zygote continues to grow and develops into an embryo.

Gowth and Development of endosperm

            The endosperm grows and develops earlier, compared to the embryo. The endosperm is rich in nutrients and it servers as food storage which is utilized for the growth and development of the embryo. In most monocotyledons,the nutrient reservers is put in the cotyledon before seed grows and developes further.

Gowth and Development of embryo

            Growth and development of the embryo is begun with zygotic cleavage by mitosis to produce basal and apical cells. Basal cells develop into a suspensor. The suspensor function as a connector between the embryo and the outer layer of the ovule. It also allows nutrients flow from the mother plant or the endosperm. Apical cells develop into a proembryo. This is followed by embryo`s development. In then develops a stem and roots.

Structure of mature seed

         During its maturation, the seed is dehydrated until water content is only about 5% to 15% of its weigth. Then, the embryo stop developing until the seed germinates. A mature seed contains an embryo that is surrounded by a cotyledon, or an endosperm, or both. The seed is protected by a seed coat (testa).

            Dicotyledon plants have two cotyledons. In their embryo`s development, epicotyls and hypocotyls ar formed. Epicotyls are located above the cotyledon. The tip of the epicotyls is called the plumule, which is foliage of leaves. Hypocotyls are located below the cotyledon. They end at the radical. Monocots have only a single cotyledon.in some monocots, the cotyledon is called a scutellum. It is thin and the endosperm suppresses where it is positioned. The scutellum absorbs nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The embryos of grass plants are surrounded by coleorhizae and coleoptiles. Coleorhizae protects the radical and the coleoptiles protects leaves and stem primordia  

Seed Germination

            Seeds will develop under the correct environmental conditions. But other seeds may become dormant which means that the seed stops growing and developing. A seed may become dormant when he environmental conditions do not support germination.

            When germination starts, seed dormancy end. The end of dormancy is marked by the entrance of water into the seed, a process called imbbition. This process induces enzymatic activities (biocatalysts that play a role in metabolism) so germination starts. After dormancy ends, the plant cells multiply in number by active division. However, newly formed cells are not differentiated yet. When te clump of cells reaches a certain cell mass, the plant starts the differentiation process.

            Differentiation is a process of adding distinct cell types and functions to the organism. Afterward, organs are formed by organogenesis. Organogenesis of many different shapes of organs to complete the structure and function of the organism is called development or morphogenesis.

            Seed can germinate because they have an embryo. There are 3 parts of an embryo: radical,cotyledon, and caulicle.

Radicle (Embryonic Root)	Cotyledon (Embryonic Leaf)	Caulicle ( Embryonic Stem)
The radicle will grow and function into roots. The tip of radicle is facing toward the micropylar endosperm (seed canal). During germination, the root grows through this canal and ruptures the seed coat.	Cotyledon is the first structural leaf of the plant. It has several function : Ø  As storage for food. It is thick, one side is usually curved and the other side is flat Ø  A structur for photosynthesis Ø  To absorb nutrient from endosperm, which form a thin layer called the shield shaped scutellum in monocots.	There are two parts of the caulicle: the epicotyl and hypocotyls. Ø  Epicotyl is a stem segment above the cotyledon thet will grow into the stem and leaf. Ø  Hypocotyl is a stem segment below the cotyledon that will grow to elongate into roots

   There are two types of germination based on the strating location: epigeal and hypogeal.

Epigeal germination

            Epigeal germination is marked by the up-lifting of the hypocotyls above the ground level. Cotyledon divides quickly to form leaves. This type of germination can be observed inmung bean plants( phaseolus radiatus)

Hypogeal germination

            Hypogeal germination is marked by the formation of a rudimentary stem that appears above ground level, while the cotyledon stays inside the soil ( hypocotyls stays underground). This process can be observed in pea plants (pisum sativum).