Types of worms are there in Human Body

 Cacing Whips (Trichuriasis)

Adult worms live in Usun will release their eggs outside the human body with dirt. The ingested eggs will hatch later in the small intestine and live to adulthood there. The symptoms in patients with whipworm include abdominal pain, diarrhea and appendicitis.

PRAZZER- Growth and Development of Ovule and Ovary

Angiosperms undergo double fertilization. Double fertilization produces a zygote and an endosperm. Afterwards, the ovule developes into a seed and an ovary into a fruit that protects the seed(s).

Growth and Development of Ovule

            The ovule grows and developes into a seed. The zygote and endosperm are in it. The zygote continues to grow and develops into an embryo.

Gowth and Development of endosperm

            The endosperm grows and develops earlier, compared to the embryo. The endosperm is rich in nutrients and it servers as food storage which is utilized for the growth and development of the embryo. In most monocotyledons,the nutrient reservers is put in the cotyledon before seed grows and developes further.

Gowth and Development of embryo

            Growth and development of the embryo is begun with zygotic cleavage by mitosis to produce basal and apical cells. Basal cells develop into a suspensor. The suspensor function as a connector between the embryo and the outer layer of the ovule. It also allows nutrients flow from the mother plant or the endosperm. Apical cells develop into a proembryo. This is followed by embryo`s development. In then develops a stem and roots.

PRAZZER- ANATOMY pdf

Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν ana: separate, apart from, and temnein, to cut up, cut open) is a branch of biology andmedicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy(phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,^[1] through common roots in evolution.

Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy.^[1] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision with the naked eye.^[1] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, which includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues),^[1] and cytology (the study of cells).

The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from examination of animals through dissection of cadavers (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI imaging.

Anatomy should not be confused with anatomical pathology (also called morbid anatomy or histopathology), which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs


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PRAZZER-DESCRIPSION OF ANATOMY

DESCRIPSION OF ANATOMY

Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν ana: separate, apart from, and temnein, to cut up, cut open) is a branch of biology andmedicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy(phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,^[1] through common roots in evolution.

Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy.^[1] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision with the naked eye.^[1] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, which includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues),^[1] and cytology (the study of cells).

The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from examination of animals through dissection of cadavers (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI imaging.

Anatomy should not be confused with anatomical pathology (also called morbid anatomy or histopathology), which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs.

Superficial anatomy

Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the contours or the surface of the body.^[1] With knowledge of superficial anatomy,physicians or veterinary surgeons gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. Superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body

HUMAN ANATOMY

Human anatomy, including gross human anatomy and histology, is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.^[1]

Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetists and orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials. The study of microscopic anatomy (orhistology) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope; and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers.

Human anatomy, physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically;^[1] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format,^[3][4] in line with modern teaching methods. A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by physicians, especially surgeons and doctors working in some diagnostic specialties, such as histopathology and radiology.

Academic human anatomists are usually employed by universities, medical schools or teaching hospitals. They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells.

PRAZZER-Growth and Development of Ovule and Ovary

Angiosperms undergo double fertilization. Double fertilization produces a zygote and an endosperm. Afterwards, the ovule developes into a seed and an ovary into a fruit that protects the seed(s).

Growth and Development of Ovule

            The ovule grows and developes into a seed. The zygote and endosperm are in it. The zygote continues to grow and develops into an embryo.

Gowth and Development of endosperm

            The endosperm grows and develops earlier, compared to the embryo. The endosperm is rich in nutrients and it servers as food storage which is utilized for the growth and development of the embryo. In most monocotyledons,the nutrient reservers is put in the cotyledon before seed grows and developes further.

Gowth and Development of embryo

            Growth and development of the embryo is begun with zygotic cleavage by mitosis to produce basal and apical cells. Basal cells develop into a suspensor. The suspensor function as a connector between the embryo and the outer layer of the ovule. It also allows nutrients flow from the mother plant or the endosperm. Apical cells develop into a proembryo. This is followed by embryo`s development. In then develops a stem and roots.

Structure of mature seed

         During its maturation, the seed is dehydrated until water content is only about 5% to 15% of its weigth. Then, the embryo stop developing until the seed germinates. A mature seed contains an embryo that is surrounded by a cotyledon, or an endosperm, or both. The seed is protected by a seed coat (testa).

            Dicotyledon plants have two cotyledons. In their embryo`s development, epicotyls and hypocotyls ar formed. Epicotyls are located above the cotyledon. The tip of the epicotyls is called the plumule, which is foliage of leaves. Hypocotyls are located below the cotyledon. They end at the radical. Monocots have only a single cotyledon.in some monocots, the cotyledon is called a scutellum. It is thin and the endosperm suppresses where it is positioned. The scutellum absorbs nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The embryos of grass plants are surrounded by coleorhizae and coleoptiles. Coleorhizae protects the radical and the coleoptiles protects leaves and stem primordia  

Seed Germination

            Seeds will develop under the correct environmental conditions. But other seeds may become dormant which means that the seed stops growing and developing. A seed may become dormant when he environmental conditions do not support germination.

            When germination starts, seed dormancy end. The end of dormancy is marked by the entrance of water into the seed, a process called imbbition. This process induces enzymatic activities (biocatalysts that play a role in metabolism) so germination starts. After dormancy ends, the plant cells multiply in number by active division. However, newly formed cells are not differentiated yet. When te clump of cells reaches a certain cell mass, the plant starts the differentiation process.

            Differentiation is a process of adding distinct cell types and functions to the organism. Afterward, organs are formed by organogenesis. Organogenesis of many different shapes of organs to complete the structure and function of the organism is called development or morphogenesis.

            Seed can germinate because they have an embryo. There are 3 parts of an embryo: radical,cotyledon, and caulicle.

Radicle (Embryonic Root)	Cotyledon (Embryonic Leaf)	Caulicle ( Embryonic Stem)
The radicle will grow and function into roots. The tip of radicle is facing toward the micropylar endosperm (seed canal). During germination, the root grows through this canal and ruptures the seed coat.	Cotyledon is the first structural leaf of the plant. It has several function : Ø  As storage for food. It is thick, one side is usually curved and the other side is flat Ø  A structur for photosynthesis Ø  To absorb nutrient from endosperm, which form a thin layer called the shield shaped scutellum in monocots.	There are two parts of the caulicle: the epicotyl and hypocotyls. Ø  Epicotyl is a stem segment above the cotyledon thet will grow into the stem and leaf. Ø  Hypocotyl is a stem segment below the cotyledon that will grow to elongate into roots

   There are two types of germination based on the strating location: epigeal and hypogeal.

Epigeal germination

            Epigeal germination is marked by the up-lifting of the hypocotyls above the ground level. Cotyledon divides quickly to form leaves. This type of germination can be observed inmung bean plants( phaseolus radiatus)

Hypogeal germination

            Hypogeal germination is marked by the formation of a rudimentary stem that appears above ground level, while the cotyledon stays inside the soil ( hypocotyls stays underground). This process can be observed in pea plants (pisum sativum).

growth and development

Growth and Development of Ovule and Ovary

            Angiosperms undergo double fertilization. Double fertilization produces a zygote and an endosperm. Afterwards, the ovule developes into a seed and an ovary into a fruit that protects the seed(s).

Growth and Development of Ovule

            The ovule grows and developes into a seed. The zygote and endosperm are in it. The zygote continues to grow and develops into an embryo.

Gowth and Development of endosperm

            The endosperm grows and develops earlier, compared to the embryo. The endosperm is rich in nutrients and it servers as food storage which is utilized for the growth and development of the embryo. In most monocotyledons,the nutrient reservers is put in the cotyledon before seed grows and developes further.

Gowth and Development of embryo

            Growth and development of the embryo is begun with zygotic cleavage by mitosis to produce basal and apical cells. Basal cells develop into a suspensor. The suspensor function as a connector between the embryo and the outer layer of the ovule. It also allows nutrients flow from the mother plant or the endosperm. Apical cells develop into a proembryo. This is followed by embryo`s development. In then develops a stem and roots.

Structure of mature seed

            During its maturation, the seed is dehydrated until water content is only about 5% to 15% of its weigth. Then, the embryo stop developing until the seed germinates. A mature seed contains an embryo that is surrounded by a cotyledon, or an endosperm, or both. The seed is protected by a seed coat (testa).

            Dicotyledon plants have two cotyledons. In their embryo`s development, epicotyls and hypocotyls ar formed. Epicotyls are located above the cotyledon. The tip of the epicotyls is called the plumule, which is foliage of leaves. Hypocotyls are located below the cotyledon. They end at the radical. Monocots have only a single cotyledon.in some monocots, the cotyledon is called a scutellum. It is thin and the endosperm suppresses where it is positioned. The scutellum absorbs nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The embryos of grass plants are surrounded by coleorhizae and coleoptiles. Coleorhizae protects the radical and the coleoptiles protects leaves and stem primordia  

branch of Biology

1) Anatomy is the branch of biology that studies the shape and composition of organs of an   organism.

2) Anatesi is the branch of biology that studies all aspects relating to the operation or surgery.

3) Bacteriology is the branch of biology that studies bacteria and intricacies.

4) Botany is the branch of biology that studies of plants and intricacies.

5) Bryologi is the branch of biology that studies of moss and intricacies.

6) Dendrology is the branch of biology that studies of trees and woody plants.

7) Ecology is the branch of biology that studies the interrelationships between living things and 
the environment (abiotic factor interactions with biotic factors).

8) Embryology is the branch of biology that studies embryonic development, from zygote to 
mature.

9) Emtomologi is the branch of biology that studies the insects.

10) Entomology is the branch of biology that studies all aspects of insect life.

11) Evolution is the branch of biology that studies the body's process of structural changes in living things slowly - land in a long time, so that new species are formed.

12) Fikologi is the branch of biology that studies on algae and intricacies.

13) Physiology is the branch of biology that studies the function of organs of the organism.

14) Genetics is the branch of biology that studies of inheritance patterns or ways of decreasing the reduction properties of living things.

15) Herpetology is the branch of biology that studies on reptiles and amphibians.

16) Hygiene is the branch of biology that studies on health.

17) Histology is the branch of biology that studies tissues.

18) Iktiologi is the branch of biology that studies of fish.

19) Nematologi is the branch of biology that studies on nematodes and intricacies.

20) Malacology is the branch of biology that studies on animals molusca and intricacies.

21) Mamologi is the branch of biology that studies of mammals and intricacies.

22) Microbiology is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic organisms (microorganisms)

23) mycology is the branch of biology that studies fungi and intricacies.

24) Morphology is the branch of biology that studies the shape and outer structure of an organism.

25) Ornithology is the branch of biology that studies on birds and poultry

26) paleobotany is the branch of biology that studies of plants in the past.

27) Paleontology is the branch of biology that studies animal or plant life in the ancient times that 
have become fossilized.

28) Pathology is the branch of biology that studies diseases and their effects on organisms.

29) Parasitology is a branch of biology that studies organisms - organisms that can cause disease.

30) Phylogeni is the branch of biology that studies the development of living things are not perfect samapai perfect shape.

31) Protozoologi is the branch of biology that studies of protozoa and intricacies.

32) Pteridologi is the branch of biology that studies of ferns and intricacies.

33) Cytology is the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of living cells.

34) Taxonomy is the branch of biology that studies the grouping of living things.

35) Terratologi is the branch of biology that studies embryo abnormalities or defects in the womb.

36) Virology is the branch of biology that studies about the virus and intricacies.

37) Zoology is the branch of biology that studies on animals and intricacies.