The state of Europe before the French Revolution
One of the teachings of the influential in Europe before the French Revolution is the teaching of Niccolo Machiavelli. His teachings support the king's absolute power. He wrote in his book entitled II Principe (The Prince or the meaning of the King). In his book depicted on the absolute power of a king with unlimited power against a State, including property and people within his realm. Machiavelli's doctrine evolved in Europe around the 17th century and adopted by the kings of Europe such as King Frederick II, Tsar Peter the Great, Emperor Joseph II, King Charles I and also the kings Louis of France.
King Frederick II (1740-1786) of Prussia
In the effort to build unlimited power, King Frederick II to promote and strengthen the Kingdom of Prussia to become a powerful empire in Germany. Bismarck Politics is a Blood and Iron (Druch Blut und Eisen), which seeks to advance the country by establishing large-scale industry and also matched by the development of a strong army.
Tsar Peter the Great (1689-1727) of Russia
With full power in his hands, Tsar Peter the Great sought to advance the kingdom of Russia through several ways, including bringing technicians from several countries to develop industries in Russia such as: industrial ships, weapons, and build fleets in an attempt to strengthen the country. Politics Tsar Peter the Great was the famous Warm Water Politics. Warm Water politics is politics to seek the ports that do not freeze in winter. With this political hot water Tsar Peter built a new city on the Baltic sea that is named ST. Petersburg. Then dijadika city as the capital of the Russian empire, and after the Russian revolution of 1917 this city was renamed Leningrad.
King Charles I (1625 - 1649) from UK
King Charles I wanted to establish absolute power in his country, but this king business gets great challenges of the parliament under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. English eventually changed to the Republic by Cromwell as the head of his country and the title of Lord Protector. Measures taken by Cromwell is as follows:
a. King Charles I was executed.
b. Britain changed to the Republic (1649-1660)
c. Lifting himself as head of state.
In a further development of power increasingly more powerful parliament and in 1689 succeeded in forcing parliament to sign the charter of Queen Merry Bill of Rights (the Charter of Rights). Events Bill of Rights is a very big change and fundamental without bloodshed with powerful results, so often called the Glorious Revolution (the revolution the supreme).
Absolutism In France
In the field of economics, Minister Jean Baptiste Colbert (1622-1683) huge merit in implementing political and economic Mercantilism. So its time is often referred to as the Colbertisme. All obligations of trade and economy regulated by the government in order to gain an advantage in very large numbers. In the reign of King Louis XIV (1643-1715) French absolutism of power reached its peak. Proved by several measures taken by King Louis XIV in his reign, including:
Break the strongholds of the Calvinists who are small countries within the kingdom of France.
Abolishing the rule of the feudal nobility and vassal kings, so they live to be landlords.
The function and role of people's representative institutions was abolished in pemerintaha King Louis XIV.
The characteristics of the reign of King Louis XIV is as follows:
Govern without laws
Govern without the legislature
Govern without legal certainty
Govern without a definite budget
Dibatasai by the rules without any power.
King Louis XIV famously said "L'etat c'est moi" (the state is i) which is an enduring slogan that describes how an absolute king of Europe's most successful region in those days.
Urban community is the main opponent of the attitudes and the reign of King Louis XIV.
This group has the following properties:
Uphold the principle of the equality
Uphold the freedom of
The use of common sense and thought that all calculations
Life of urban residents that is liberalism.
Finally, the United States successfully gained its independence on 4 July 1776, where the war was France to provide assistance to Americans. Assistance in the form of volunteer troops under the command of General Marquis de Lavayette, so that upon his return in France he spread the spirit and ideals of independence, freedom and equality.
Renewal figures who opposed the power of absolutism of kings Louis include:
John Locke (1632-1704) an English philosopher who advocated the existence of the law (constitution) in a kingdom, and argue that humans have innate rights such as freedom rights, voting rights, the right to have and so on.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) - a French philosopher in his book L'Esprit des Lois (1748) (The Spirit of the Law) states that the ideal of a country whose power is divided into three powers, namely:
Legislative (law makers)
executive (implementing the Act)
Judiciary (prosecute any violators of the law)
All three of the above is often called the Trias Politica
3. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
A French philosopher in his book Du Contract Social (Community Treaty), says that human beings are born equal and free. Therefore ian advocating democratic system of governance or sovereignty of the people with the slogan "from the people, by the people, and for the people"
c. The causes of the French Revolution and Development
Special causes of the French revolution was due to the scattering problem of state money committed by the consort of King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and the daughters of other palaces. Water mark of the situation is an attack on the Bastille on 14 July 1789. This prison is a symbol of power and tyranny of kings Louis.
French revolution is the motto Liberte (Liberty = freedom), Egalite (Equality = equality), Fraternite (Fraternity = brotherhood). French national anthem La Marseillaise and is the 14th of July is celebrated as a national day of France.
Kingdom of France was turned into a republic and ruled by the government or the Reign of Terror Terror (a system of government in ways dictator).
In the year 1795. To replace the system of government was formed Terror Directorie governance system (1795-1799), but failed to overcome the disturbances that occurred in France.
These circumstances give to a young general named Napoleon Bonaparte to save the country from the chaos of the French upheaval and war. This success has brought his name famous, and won the trust of the people of France to become the leader, so that the people of France appointed a consul in the French Republic in 1799.
d. As a result of the French Revolution
Economic Affairs
the emergence of industries in Europe
commercial life moved from the coast to inland
British losses in the European market, because the French continental political run
King Frederick II (1740-1786) of Prussia
In the effort to build unlimited power, King Frederick II to promote and strengthen the Kingdom of Prussia to become a powerful empire in Germany. Bismarck Politics is a Blood and Iron (Druch Blut und Eisen), which seeks to advance the country by establishing large-scale industry and also matched by the development of a strong army.
Tsar Peter the Great (1689-1727) of Russia
With full power in his hands, Tsar Peter the Great sought to advance the kingdom of Russia through several ways, including bringing technicians from several countries to develop industries in Russia such as: industrial ships, weapons, and build fleets in an attempt to strengthen the country. Politics Tsar Peter the Great was the famous Warm Water Politics. Warm Water politics is politics to seek the ports that do not freeze in winter. With this political hot water Tsar Peter built a new city on the Baltic sea that is named ST. Petersburg. Then dijadika city as the capital of the Russian empire, and after the Russian revolution of 1917 this city was renamed Leningrad.
King Charles I (1625 - 1649) from UK
King Charles I wanted to establish absolute power in his country, but this king business gets great challenges of the parliament under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. English eventually changed to the Republic by Cromwell as the head of his country and the title of Lord Protector. Measures taken by Cromwell is as follows:
a. King Charles I was executed.
b. Britain changed to the Republic (1649-1660)
c. Lifting himself as head of state.
In a further development of power increasingly more powerful parliament and in 1689 succeeded in forcing parliament to sign the charter of Queen Merry Bill of Rights (the Charter of Rights). Events Bill of Rights is a very big change and fundamental without bloodshed with powerful results, so often called the Glorious Revolution (the revolution the supreme).
Absolutism In France
In the field of economics, Minister Jean Baptiste Colbert (1622-1683) huge merit in implementing political and economic Mercantilism. So its time is often referred to as the Colbertisme. All obligations of trade and economy regulated by the government in order to gain an advantage in very large numbers. In the reign of King Louis XIV (1643-1715) French absolutism of power reached its peak. Proved by several measures taken by King Louis XIV in his reign, including:
Break the strongholds of the Calvinists who are small countries within the kingdom of France.
Abolishing the rule of the feudal nobility and vassal kings, so they live to be landlords.
The function and role of people's representative institutions was abolished in pemerintaha King Louis XIV.
The characteristics of the reign of King Louis XIV is as follows:
Govern without laws
Govern without the legislature
Govern without legal certainty
Govern without a definite budget
Dibatasai by the rules without any power.
King Louis XIV famously said "L'etat c'est moi" (the state is i) which is an enduring slogan that describes how an absolute king of Europe's most successful region in those days.
Urban community is the main opponent of the attitudes and the reign of King Louis XIV.
This group has the following properties:
Uphold the principle of the equality
Uphold the freedom of
The use of common sense and thought that all calculations
Life of urban residents that is liberalism.
Finally, the United States successfully gained its independence on 4 July 1776, where the war was France to provide assistance to Americans. Assistance in the form of volunteer troops under the command of General Marquis de Lavayette, so that upon his return in France he spread the spirit and ideals of independence, freedom and equality.
Renewal figures who opposed the power of absolutism of kings Louis include:
John Locke (1632-1704) an English philosopher who advocated the existence of the law (constitution) in a kingdom, and argue that humans have innate rights such as freedom rights, voting rights, the right to have and so on.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) - a French philosopher in his book L'Esprit des Lois (1748) (The Spirit of the Law) states that the ideal of a country whose power is divided into three powers, namely:
Legislative (law makers)
executive (implementing the Act)
Judiciary (prosecute any violators of the law)
All three of the above is often called the Trias Politica
3. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
A French philosopher in his book Du Contract Social (Community Treaty), says that human beings are born equal and free. Therefore ian advocating democratic system of governance or sovereignty of the people with the slogan "from the people, by the people, and for the people"
c. The causes of the French Revolution and Development
Special causes of the French revolution was due to the scattering problem of state money committed by the consort of King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and the daughters of other palaces. Water mark of the situation is an attack on the Bastille on 14 July 1789. This prison is a symbol of power and tyranny of kings Louis.
French revolution is the motto Liberte (Liberty = freedom), Egalite (Equality = equality), Fraternite (Fraternity = brotherhood). French national anthem La Marseillaise and is the 14th of July is celebrated as a national day of France.
Kingdom of France was turned into a republic and ruled by the government or the Reign of Terror Terror (a system of government in ways dictator).
In the year 1795. To replace the system of government was formed Terror Directorie governance system (1795-1799), but failed to overcome the disturbances that occurred in France.
These circumstances give to a young general named Napoleon Bonaparte to save the country from the chaos of the French upheaval and war. This success has brought his name famous, and won the trust of the people of France to become the leader, so that the people of France appointed a consul in the French Republic in 1799.
d. As a result of the French Revolution
Economic Affairs
the emergence of industries in Europe
commercial life moved from the coast to inland
British losses in the European market, because the French continental political run
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