Khajuraho (Hindi: खजुराहो) is a village in the state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometers) southeast of Delhi, the capital of India.
Khajuraho group of monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is regarded as one of "seven wonders" of India.
One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the largest group of medieval Hindu temples and Jain, famous for their erotic sculptures. Name Khajuraho, ancient "Kharjuravahaka", derived from the Sanskrit word which means kharjur dates.
A. HistoryIn the 27th century Kali Yuga the invaders started attacking North Mlechcha Rajput India, some Bargujar moving eastward into central India, they controlled the North-Eastern region of Rajasthan known and referred to as Dhundhel Dhundhar / Dhundhela in ancient times, they were ordered to the region . Then they called themselves Bundelas and Chandelas people who are in a class having gotra Kashyap's ruling was clearly all of their followers Bargujars Gurjara - North India Pratihara empire that lasted from 500 AD to 1300 AD and was at its peak when the main monuments built
The Bargujars also built a fort and Neelkanth Mahadev temple Kalinjar similar to the one in Sariska National Park and Baroli, a devotee of Shiva. The city is capital of the Chandela Rajput culture, a Hindu dynasty that controlled parts of India from the 10th to the 12th century. Chandelas political capital is Kalinjar. Khajuraho temples built over a span of 200 years, 950-1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to grow for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in the capital of their culture.
The whole area was surrounded by a wall with eight gates, each flanked by two golden palm trees. There was originally over 80 Hindu temples, of which only 25 now stand in a fair state of preservation, spread over an area of about 8 square miles (21 km ²).
Khajuraho temples suffered destruction by early Muslim invaders between c. 1100-1400 AD as flawed various statues in the temple complex to prove. Today, the temple serves as a good example of Indian architectural styles that have gained popularity because of their depiction of sexually explicit traditional way of life during medieval times. Local villagers living in Khajuraho always know best and continue to the temple. They point to a British man at the end of the 19th century and the forests have been detrimental to all the monuments.
2. GeographyKhajuraho is located at / 24.85 ° N 79.93 ° E. [1] It has an average altitude of 283 meters (928 feet).
3. DemographyKhajurahoLocation KhajurahoKhajuraho
Location Khajurahoin Madhya PradeshIndia stateMadhya Pradesh StateDistrict (s) ChhatarpurPopulation 19 282 (2001)Time zone IST (UTC +5:30)Area• Altitude• 283 m (928 ft)
As of 2001 India census, [2] Khajuraho has a population of 19 282. Men are 52% of the population and females 48%. Khajuraho has a literacy rate average of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 43%. In Khajuraho, 19% of the population under the age of 6 years.
4. ArchitectureKhajuraho temples, constructed with spiral superstructure, adhere to northern Indian temple style and often to shikhara Panchayatana plan or layout. Several temples dedicated to the Jain pantheon and the rest to Hindu deities - God's Trio, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, and various Devi forms, such as Jagadambi Devi temple. A temple had four subordinate Panchayatana at the four corners of the holy places and the main temple in the middle of the podium, which comprises their base. Temples are grouped into three geographical divisions: western, eastern and southern Africa.
With a graded rise secondary shikharas (tower) cluster to create a suitable base for the main shikhara over the holy places. Kandariya Mahadeva, one of the temples of the most successful of the western group, consisting of eighty-four shikharas, is the main 116 meters from the ground.
Khajuraho temple made of sandstone, they do not use mortar the stones were put together with mortise and tenon joints and they were held by gravity. The construction requires very precise joints. Architraves columns and built with megaliths weighing up to 20 tons. [3]
Lakshmana temple at Khajuraho, the temple panchayatana. Two of the four secondary shrines can be seen. Other views
This shikharas - subordinate and main - attribute to the Khajuraho temples their unique splendor and special character. With the advent of the graded this shikharas ardhamandapa, terrace, for Mandapa, hall, mahamandapa, main hall, antarala, porch, and garbhagriha, Sanctum Sanctorum, the temples at Khajuraho achieve form and glory of gradually rising Himalayan peaks. This temple of Khajuraho have sculptures that look very realistic and even learned today.
The Saraswathi temple on the campus of Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India is modeled after the Khajuraho temple.
5. ChronologyTemples were established following the order history by Dr Kanhaiyalal Agrawal. [4]The original order of the modern name of god notes1 Chausath Yogini 64 Yoginis Est 9 c.2 Brahma Temple [verification needed] Eastern groupShiva Mahadev Lalgun Contemp 3 to 24 Matangeshwar Siva In active service5 Waraha Waraha6 Laksmana Vaikuntha Vishnu Inscription Lakshavarma7 Parshvanath Adinath Pahil inscription 954 AD, Jain CompoundSiwa 8 Vishvanath inscriptions Sam 1059 DhangaInitially 9 Jagadambi Devi Parvati Vishnu but today10 Chitragupta Surya11 Kandariya Mahadeva Shiva DescendingVamana Vamana 12 East GroupJina compound 13 Adinath Jain14 jawari Vishnu Eastern group15 South Vishnu Chaturbhuja16 South End Duladev Shiva17 Ghantai Jina Only a few remaining columns
6. Sculpture and carvings of KhajurahoKhajuraho temples that do not contain sexual or erotic art inside the temple or near the gods, however, some external carvings erotic art bears. In addition, several temples that have two layers of walls have small erotic carvings on the outside of the inner wall. There are many interpretations of the erotic carvings. They illustrate that, to see the god, one must leave his or her sexual desires outside the temple. They also show that divinity, like the gods in the temples, is pure like the atman, which is not affected by sexual desires and other characteristics of the physical body.Presumably this indicates that the practice of tantric sex. Meanwhile, the external curvature and carvings of the temples depict humans, human body, and the changes that occur in the human body, as well as facts of life. About 10% of the carvings contain sexual themes; who reportedly did not show deities, they show sexual activities between people. The rest depict daily life are common in India when the engraving was made, and the various activities of other beings. For example, they show the portrayal of women wearing makeup, musicians, potters, farmers, and others. They are all the usual scene at some distance from the temple of the god. A common misconception is that, because the old structures with carvings in Khajuraho is the temple, the carvings depict sex between deities.
Another perspective was presented by carving James McConnachie. In the history of the Kamasutra, McConnachie describes the zesty 10% of the Khajuraho sculptures as "the apogee of erotic art": "rotate, wide hipped and high breasted nymphs display their generously contoured and exquisite bejewelled working bodies in the outer wall panel. Apsaras flesh is rampant across the surface stone, wear make-up, wash their hair, playing games, dancing, and endlessly knotting and unknotting .... In addition to their girdles celestial nymphs serried ranks of griffins, guardian deities and, most famously, a luxury maithunas related, or sex partner.
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